Database Design Patterns for Scalable Applications

Introduction to Database Design

Good database design is the foundation of any scalable application. Let's explore some essential patterns.

Normalization

Normalization reduces data redundancy. The key normal forms are:

• 1NF: Atomic values
• 2NF: No partial dependencies
• 3NF: No transitive dependencies

When to Denormalize

Sometimes denormalization makes sense for:

• Performance optimization
• Read-heavy workloads
• Reporting databases

Indexing Strategies

Proper indexing can make or break performance:

• Use indexes on foreign keys
• Cover frequently queried columns
• Avoid over-indexing

Conclusion

Balance is key. Know your access patterns and design accordingly.